Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning “thick unguent“) is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.Magma is produced by melting of the mantle and/or the crust at various tectonic settings, including subduction zones, continental rift zones,mid-ocean ridges and hotspots.
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