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Pyrite is a brass-yellow mineral with a bright metallic luster. It has a chemical composition of iron sulfide (FeS₂) and is the most common sulfide mineral. It forms at high and low temperatures and occurs, usually in small quantities, in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks worldwide. also known as fool’s gold Pyrite is considered the most common of the sulfide minerals. Pyrite’s metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of fool’s gold. Benefits of pyrite Pyrite is a powerful protection stone which shields and protects against all forms of negative vibrations and/or energy, working on the physical, etheric, and emotional levels. It stimulates the intellect and enhances memory, helping to recall relevant information when needed.

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Sulfate is a salt that forms when sulfuric acid reacts with another chemical. It’s a broader term for other synthetic sulfate-based chemicals you may be concerned about, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES). The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO²⁻ ₄. Sulfate is the spelling recommended by IUPAC, but sulphate is used in British English. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. examples of sulfates: Many of the sulfate minerals are salts of more than one metal, such as polyhalite, which is a combination of potassium, calcium, and magnesium sulfates. Sulfate minerals common in evaporite deposits include anhydrite, gypsum, thenardite (Na₂SO₄), epsomite (MgSO. 7H₂O), glauberite [Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂], kainite (MgSO.

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Sulfate is a salt that forms when sulfuric acid reacts with another chemical. It’s a broader term for other synthetic sulfate-based chemicals you may be concerned about, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES).  sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO²⁻ ₄. Sulfate is the spelling recommended by IUPAC, but sulphate is used in British English. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry.  examples of sulfates: Many of the sulfate minerals are salts of more than one metal, such as polyhalite, which is a combination of potassium, calcium, and magnesium sulfates. Sulfate minerals common in evaporite deposits include anhydrite, gypsum, thenardite (Na₂SO₄), epsomite (MgSO. 7H₂O), glauberite [Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂], kainite (MgSO.

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In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO. _4−x] _n, where 0 ≤ x < 2. The family includes orthosilicate SiO ⁴⁻₄ (x = 0), metasilicate SiO ²⁻ Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of the Earth’s crust. In mineralogy, silica SiO₂ is usually considered a silicate mineral.Silicateminerals are the most common of Earth’s minerals and include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine. Silica tetrahedra, made up of silicon and oxygen, form chains, sheets, and frameworks, and bond with other cations to form silicateminerals.

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Fluoride is an inorganic, monatomic anion with the chemical formula F⁻ , whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless.  It is also produced synthetically for use in drinking water, toothpaste, mouthwashes and various chemical products. … Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems affecting children.Fluoride is a mineral in your bones and teeth. … Fluoride is commonly used in dentistry to strengthen enamel, which is the outer layer of your teeth. … Fluoride helps to remineralize your tooth enamel, which can prevent cavities and reverse early signs of tooth decay.

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A metal is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically malleable or ductile. What is made of metal: Examples of metals are aluminium, copper, iron, tin, gold, lead, silver, titanium, uranium, and zinc. Well-known alloys include bronze and steel. There are three main types of metals ferrous metals, non ferrous metals and alloys. In physics, a metal is generally regarded as any substance capable of conducting electricity at a temperature of absolute zeroMany elements and compounds that are not normally classified as metals become metallic under high pressures. For example, the nonmetal iodine gradually becomes a metal at a pressure of between 40 and 170 thousand times atmospheric pressure. Equally, some materials regarded as metals can become nonmetals. Sodium, for example, becomes a nonmetal at pressure of just under two million times atmospheric pressure

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Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves. Absolute geochronology can be accomplished through radioactive isotopes, whereas relative geochronology is provided by tools such as palaeomagnetism and stable isotope ratios. units of geochronology It is important not to confuse geochronologic and chronostratigraphic units Geochronological units are periods of time, thus it is correct to say that Tyrannosaurus rex lived during the Late Cretaceous Epoch. How do you find your geological age The age of a rock in years is called its absolute age. Geologists find absolute ages by measuring the amount of certain radioactive elements in the rock. When rocks are formed, small amounts of radioactive elements

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Optical mineralogy  is the study of minerals and rocks by measuring their optical properties. Most commonly, rock and mineral samples are prepared as thin sections or grain mounts for study in the laboratory with a petrographic microscope. optical properties of minerals .Minerals are conveniently identified based on their physical properties. These properties include luster, ability to transmit light, color and streak. relief in optical mineralogy Optical relief (usually noted as simply relief) is a concept in optical mineralogy which refers to the degree in which mineral grains stand out from the mounting medium, usually either oil with a known refractive index or Canada Balsam. Relief is an important part of the Becke line test.

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ignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent. Where is lignite found Lignite is considered moderately available. Approximately 7 percent of the coal mined in the U.S. is lignite. It’s found primarily in North Dakota (McLean, Mercer, and Oliver counties), Texas, Mississippi (Kemper County) and, to a lesser degree, Montana.

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Coal is a hard rock which can be burned as a solid fossil fuel. It is mostly carbon but also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is a sedimentary rock formed from peat, by the pressure of rocks laid down later on top.How coal is formed Coal formed: millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants – giant ferns, reeds and mosses – grew. … Heat and pressure produced chemical and physical changes in the plant layers which forced out oxygen and left rich carbon deposits.  uses for coal : he most significant uses of coal are in electricity generation, steel production, cement manufacturing and as a liquid fuel. Steam coal – also known as thermal coal – is mainly used in power generation. Coking coal – also known as metallurgical coal – is mainly used in steel production.

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