Bioremediation of dyes from textile and dye manufacturing industry effluent

In recent years, because of strict government legislation and environmental regulation, remediation of dyestuff compounds is a deeply researched topic. The removal of textile dyes from colored industrial effluents is considered as most important for environment protection and sustainability. Effluent released in waterbodies from textile and dye manufacturing industries has adverse impacts on the environment in terms of BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), color, suspended solids, salinity, and a wide range of pH (5–12). The ratio of BOD/COD ranges from 0.2 to 0.5, which demonstrates that these effluents contain a large proportion of nonbiodegradable organic matter. Both new and modified techniques were projected chiefly concentrating on successful remediation of recalcitrant dyes from industrial effluent. The biological degradation routes for recalcitrant and xenobiotic pollutant compound have been intensively researched. Biodegradation by the conventional two-stage aerobic/anaerobic activated sludge or immobilized biofilm processes is most generally utilized practice worldwide because of its simplicity and low cost. For the complete abatement of textile dyes from industrial effluent, current obstacles, and future prospects by means of biotechnology-based remediation strategies, intensive study is required.

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