Geography of Soils

The geography of soil is concerned with the distribution and variability of soils on terrestrial landscapes ranging from local to global scales. Birkeland (1999, chapter 10) gives a clear exposition of the conceptual framework, but see Bunting (1967), Boulaine (1975), Cruickshank (1972) Steila and Pond (1989), and Foth and Schafer (1980) for earlier ideas. Of the soil forming factors, it is principally climate and the closely dependent variable vegetation that determine soil geography in this sense. For present purposes they are best considered as a linked variable. The remaining soil forming factors – parent material, topography and time – may be considered secondary determinants which modify the geographical regularities imposed by the linked variable climate‐vegetation.

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