The Pleistocene Epoch is best known as a time during which extensive ice sheets and other glaciers formed repeatedly on the landmasses and has been informally referred to as the Great Ice Age. The timing of the onset of this cold interval, and thus the formal beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch, was a matter of substantial debate among geologists during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. By 1985, a number geological societies agreed to set the beginning of the Pleistocene. Modern research, however, has shown that large glaciers had formed in other parts of the world. This fact precipitated a debate among geologists over the formal start of the Pleistocene, as well as the status of the Quaternary Period. Definition of the base of the Pleistocene has had a long and controversial history. Because the epoch is best recognized for glaciation and climatic change, many have suggested that its lower boundary should be based on climatic criteria. Pre-Pleistocene intervals of time are defined on the basis of chronostratigraphic and geochronologic principles related to a marine sequence of strata.
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